Elie Wiesel’s Night - 936 Words

There exist only two types of people in a time of war and crisis, those who survive and those who die. Elie Wiesel’s novel, Night shows how Elie, himself, faces difficult problems and struggles to survive World War II. Wilfred Owen’s poem, â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, tells a story about a young soldier thinking of himself before others during World War I. The poem â€Å"Mary Hamilton† shows how a mother killed her child so she would not get into trouble. Sir John Harrington writes about a sad truth in the poem â€Å"On Treason†; the poem reflects humanity’s selfish tendencies during tough times. When people face difficult times they often care about only one person, themselves; the need to survive clouds people’s moral and judgment.†¦show more content†¦Instead, Mary Hamilton gave in to her selfish need to protect herself from death. War can turn a son against his own father in order to improve the son’s chances of s urvival. By the end of the novel, Night, Elie Wiesel starts to hold a grudge against his father. Elie tries to keep his father alive. Elie says â€Å"I gave him what was left of my soup. But my heart was heavy. I was aware that I was doing it grudgingly† (Wiesel 107). All the prisoners have been fighting through hell to survive. Elie knows that giving up his soup will only hurt him, and begins to develop a selfish attitude. The Blockalteste gives Elie advice when he notices Elie’s sick father. The Blockalteste says: â€Å"in this place, it is every man for himself, and you cannot think of others† (110). This â€Å"every man for himself† attitude spreads like wildfire in a time of chaos and destruction. The man also tells Elie: â€Å"Each of us lives and dies alone. Let me give you good advice: stop giving your ration of bread and soup to your old father. You cannot help him anymore. And you are hurting yourself. In fact, you should be getting his ration s† (110-111). Elie’s thoughts become clouded by the man’s advice. Elie agrees with the man, â€Å"deep down, not daring to admit it to myself† (111). War tests the morals and judgments of men, seeing how far they can be pushed before they give in to their own needs and survival. Sir John Harrington writes the short, but accurate poem, â€Å"OnShow MoreRelatedElie Wiesels Night516 Words   |  3 PagesElie Wiesels Night Elie Wiesel’s Night is about what the Holocaust did, not just to the Jews, but, by extension, to humanity. The disturbing disregard for human beings, or the human body itself, still to this day, exacerbates fear in the hearts of men and women. The animalistic acts by the Nazis has scarred mankind eternally with abhorrence and discrimination. It seems impossible that the examination of one’s health, by a doctor, can result in the death of a human being if he appearsRead MoreElie Wiesels Night Essay1159 Words   |  5 PagesElie Wiesels Night As humans, we require basic necessities, such as food, water, and shelter to survive. But we also need a reason to live. The reason could be the thought of a person, achieving some goal, or a connection with a higher being. Humans need something that drives them to stay alive. This becomes more evident when people are placed in horrific situations. In Elie Wiesels memoir Night, he reminisces about his experiences in a Nazi concentration camp during the Holocaust. There theRead MoreAn Analysis of Elie Wiesels Night822 Words   |  3 PagesElie Wiesel: Night The five letters that Elie Wiesel utilizes as the title for his book summarize, within one word, all the feelings, the uncertainty, the anger, the fear, etc. associated with the events contained in this novel. The book is a work of art, and Wiesel is a great storyteller, leaving his audience with a deeper knowledge of both historical events and the defiance and courage of the human spirit. Perhaps the most memorable scene in the story is that in which the author and his fatherRead More Elie Wiesels Night Essay448 Words   |  2 PagesElie Wiesels Night In Elie Wiesel’s Night, he recounts his horrifying experiences as a Jewish boy under Nazi control. His words are strong and his message clear. Wiesel uses themes such as hunger and death to vividly display his days during World War II. Wiesel’s main purpose is to describe to the reader the horrifying scenes and feelings he suffered through as a repressed Jew. His tone and diction are powerful for this subject and envelope the reader. Young readers today find the actionsRead More Elie Wiesels Night Essays1095 Words   |  5 PagesNight In Night, by Elie Wiesel, there is an underlying theme of anger. Anger not directed where it seems most appropriate- at the Nazis- but rather a deeper, inbred anger directed towards God. Having once been a role model of everything a â€Å"good Jew† should be, Wiesel slowly transforms into a faithless human being. He cannot comprehend why the God who is supposed to love and care for His people would refuse to protect them from the Germans. This anger grows as Wiesel does and is a constantRead MoreA Comparison Of Night By Elie Wiesels Inhumanity In Night880 Words   |  4 Pagescountless thousands mourn† is very relevant in the Holocaust texts Night by Elie Wiesel and The Last Days directed by James Moll because it really sums up the Holocaust. Both these texts give insight to what happened inside the camps and how the survivors were changed forever. These texts both show that in times of extreme inhumanity, one can lose his faith, which leads to a loss of innocence. Wiesel struggled a lot with his faith in Night. Before the Holocaust he had full faith in God. But his faithRead MoreEssay about Elie Wiesels Night881 Words   |  4 PagesThe tragedies of the holocaust forever altered history. One of the most detailed accounts of the horrific events from the Nazi regime comes from Elie Wiesel’s Night. He describes his traumatic experiences in German concentration camps, mainly Buchenwald, and engages his readers from a victim’s point of view. He bravely shares the grotesque visions that are permanently ingrained in his mind. His autobiography gives readers vivid, unforgettable, and shocking images of the past. It is beneficial thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Elie Wiesels Night933 Words   |  4 PagesThe author of Night, a novel documenting the horrible and gruesome events of the holocaust, Elie Wiesel expresses his experiences and observations in which he and his fellow Jews were dehumanized while living in concentration camps (a hell on e arth). All Jews, as a race were brutalized by the Nazis during this time; reducing them to no less than objects, positions which meant nothing to them, belongings that were a nuisance. Nazis would gather every Jew that they could find and bring them to theseRead MoreElie Wiesels Night Essay766 Words   |  4 PagesIn the memoir, Night, author Elie Wiesel portrays the dehumanization of individuals and its lasting result in a loss of faith in God. Throughout the Holocaust, Jews were doggedly treated with disrespect and inhumanity. As more cruelty was bestowed upon them, the lower their flame of hope and faith became as they began turning on each other and focused on self preservation over family and friends. The flame within them never completely died, but rather stayed kindling throughout the journey untilRead MoreWhen Night Falls in Elie Wiesels Book, Night687 Words   |  3 PagesWhen Night Falls Elie Wiesel’s book Night presents certain aspects of Jewish history, culture and practice through the story of Wiesel’s experience with his father in the concentration camps. Wiesel witnessed many horribly tragic things throughout his days in the concentration camps. It is these experiences that cause him to struggle with his faith. He grew up as a devote Jew who enjoyed studying and devoting himself to his religion. Throughout the book we see him struggle with his concept

The Industrial Revolution Of The United States - 1838 Words

When people think industrial revolution they thing factories and smoke but the revolution was so much more than that. The industrial revolution transformed and created major changes in not only manufacturing but transportation and communications as well. The century long even took goods normally made by hand and turned them into some of the first massed produced products. It transformed the daily lives of Americans as much as— and arguably more than—any single event in U.S. history. The industrial revolution did not take place over night, on the contrary it was almost a century long affair. It’s important to remember that when the United States was just beginning the start if their revolution Britain had been already thriving. One of the earliest markings of the start in the U.S was in late eighteenth century when Samuel Slater brought new manufacturing technologies from Britain to help start the first U.S cotton mill. Within the next few decades mills and facto ries were pooping up allover the northeast. On top of that development of transportation boomed with railroads and new canals being built to help with commerce and trade. Before the civil war in the nineteenth century we first see the steamboat, the telegraph, and the sewing machine. After the war the United States industrial revolution boomed at what could be called a â€Å"breakneck† pace. The first transcendental railroad was created making it even easier to transport products, material, and people. There was alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesOrlando Quinones American history Ms. Hilderman January 29, 2015 TTP Chapter 2 After the Civil War, the United States began to enter a period of genuine prosperity and development known as industrialization. Despite the vast amount of wealth it had created, industrialization also created a considerable number of economic and social problems that became a controversial issue. The Industrial Revolution brought about tremendous significant, and extensive changes. Also its impact keeps on sweeping throughRead MoreThe United States And The Industrial Revolution Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pagesthe 1860s and 1870s, the United States has progressed farther than was imaginable at the time. One of the greatest transformations since that time has been the United States economy. Not only has the economy changed the United States, but the entire world has changed because of the United States and how it does business. Other countries have attempted to model their economies after that of the United States. The change and revolution that has gone on in the United States f rom the time of the 1870sRead MoreThe United States And The Industrial Revolution1443 Words   |  6 Pagescontrol of another, is now connected more than ever. This transformation began with the Industrial Revolution in a period from around 1760 to 1840. Thinking back to that time, we can easily think of noticeable differences between how the world was and how it is today. The United States was a small, developing country, still trying to overcome the effects of a costly revolution. Across the ocean, once the United States’ major rival, Great Britain, was still the greatest power in the world. And around theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The United States1794 Words   |  8 PagesWhen people think industrial revolution they thing factories and smoke but the revolution was so much more than that. The industrial revolution transformed manufacturing transportation and communication. The century long even took goods normally made by hand and turned them into some of the first massed produced product. . It transformed the daily lives of Americans more than any other event to ever take place in the United States of America. The industrial revolution did not take place over nightRead MoreThe United States And The Industrial Revolution1261 Words   |  6 Pagesvast changes based on the western exploration of the country as well as the industrial revolution it had undertaken. The different genres of its people all endured hardships and historic changes from the times of the Native Americans being forced out of their lands, to changes in population with the amassing amount of immigrants and lack of jobs through the Gilded Age, all the way through the change of the United States becoming an empire based on its acquisitions. But through all these events whetherRead MoreThe United States Of The Industrial Revolution1720 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Earth provides enough to satisfy every man s needs, but not every man s greed.† - Mahatma Gandhi Since the start of the Industrial Revolution the United States of America has been dependent on burning fossil fuels for energy. In 2015 nearly sixty seven percen t of energy generated in the United States was from fossil fuels including coal, natural gas, and petroleum. The United States had been aware of a large abundance of natural gas in shale rock formations thousands of feet below the surface; howeverRead MoreEffects Of The Industrial Revolution On The United States1212 Words   |  5 PagesSpencer Neal Mr. Connolly US History Term Paper 10 November 2015 The Effect of the Industrial Revolution The American Industrial Revolution changed the United States residents from rural people to individuals that were exceedingly industrialized. They performed their work in processing plants and used machines. Many people took control of the Industrial Revolution such as: JP Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, and John D. Rockefeller. These men took hold of their respective industryRead MoreImpact Of The Industrial Revolution On The United States1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution brought about an overwhelming amount of economic change to the United States. The first Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and in Europe in the latter part of the eighteenth century and, it then spread to the United States and Germany. The Industrial Revolution itself refers to a change from hand and home production to machine and factory (Kelly). During this time period, America was growing in knowledge. The industrialization of America involved three greatRead Mor eThe Industrial Revolution in the United States: An Overview1295 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, which began in England in the late 18th century, finally took effect in the United States in the years following the end of the Civil War. Industrialization had begun earlier but it was in the years known as the Gilded Age (1870-1910) that the process began in earnest in the United States (The Genesiss of Industrial America, 2007). It was during these years that individuals such as John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt made their fortunes. DuringRead MoreThe United States Of The American Industrial Revolution857 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant globally, for the sake of brevity and personal preference, this essay will focus upon the United States of America. The proliferation of transportation systems, the refrigerator, and the telegraph were the most important developments of the American Industrial Revolution as they allowed for western expansio n and established a foundation for growth. The growth of the Industrial Revolution depended on transporting people, raw materials, and finished goods over long distances. The expansion

Impact of Climate Change on Electricity-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Climate Change on Electricity Demand and Supply. Answer: Research Aim This research thus aims to determine the electricity forecast and the demand of electricity in different weather condition. Research objectives To find out the change in electricity consumption depending on the changing weather To identify the impact of the changing weather on the electricity consumption To recommend some effective strategies for accurate electricity forecasting Research Questions What is the change in electricity consumption depending on the changing weather? What are the impacts of the changing weather on the electricity consumption? Short literature review Introduction The prime objective of the research is to evaluate the impact of climate change on electricity demand and supply. Gans et al. (2013) stated that in the demand of the electricity is measured through the units of consumption by the people of a nation. In this literature review, proper data and research previously made on the similar research topic is highlighted. The following session shows that in which season the electricity consumption or the demand of the electricity is high. The process used for forecasting the material is also discussed in the following literature. Literature review However, the process of measuring the demands changed from conventional time to the contemporary period. In conventional time, electricity feedback is taken for analyzing the demand of the electricity. Electricity feedback was carried out mostly by psychologists and questionnaire containing set of questions is given to the consumers based on which the evaluation of the electricity consumption is evaluated (Auffhammer Mansur, 2014). Son and Kim (2017) depicted that direct and indirect feedback method is used, where assigned electricity staffs did self-meter-reading, assessing unit numbers in direct displays, keypad meters, meter reading in presence of energy adviser. On the other hand, in the process of indirect feedback, raw data processed by the utility and sent out to customers is taken into consideration. These feedbacks comprises of the data of high among of electricity by the nations consumers, electricity readings along with historical feedback, detailed annual or quarterly en ergy reports and disaggregated feedbacks (Moshovel et al., 2015). It is said that electricity use varies with the weather as depending on the weather and humidity the demand for the less or more electricity consumption depends. There are majorly three sectors that consume electricity- residential, commercial and industrial (Eia.gov., 2017). Image 1: Electric Power Monthly Consumption (Source: Eia.gov., 2017) It is also found that residential people shows much variation in their electricity consumption as there is a peak in demand of electricity mainly in summer and winter. The prime reason is that people have air-conditioners in their homes and they need power for AC in summer and heaters in winter that on the other hand also consumes electricity (Auffhammer and Wolfram, 2014). There is a less variation of electricity use for commercial sectors through it is found that demands in summer increases compared to the winter season. Lastly, in industrial sector the variation of the electricity needs is more flat with slight increase during the summer. Taken for incident, the household people and it is found that in winter and fall, the consumption of electricity is higher compared to other seasons that are- spring and summer in United States of America (Sexton, 2015). Non-renewable source of energy are used in all these cases. Moreover, during the fall, the electricity consumption is high in case of summer and fall but the consumption of renewable energy sources like geo-thermal, solar and biomass is low throughout the year. Thus, it can be stated that the highest amount of energy consumption is during the winter season. Image 2: Electricity consumption in U.S. throughout the year (Source: Sexton, 2015) Cooling versus Heating Electricity is used for heating to a very limited extent and is fueled by oil and gas; however, other aspects like refrigerators, washing machines and lighting, electricity are used (De Felice et al., 2013The above figure shows is relevant example of the concept of cooling and heating. Temperature should be associated with a rising electricity demand if it is intended to find the association between electricity consumption and summer temperatures. This result can be better understood in nations with higher base temperatures. The primary reason for this aspect is that climate discomfort should be convex in temperature levels and the process if known as cooling effect. On the other hand, the reduction in fuel consumption for heating purposes is known as heating process. It is also said by Dahl et al. (2017) that higher temperatures in spring and fall having more impact compared with the winter season. Moreover, gas and oil products are used for heating and thus it is expected that dema nds for these energy needs does not possess a positive relationship with average temperature levels (Da Silva et al., 2014). Thus, it can be said that the impact of the temperature of climate on the gas and oil products demands can be predicted but there is an increase in energy demand when the temperature is very low and when the temperature is very high. Non-linearity of the energy demand - temperature relationship It is mentioned earlier that energy demand may have affect in a non-linear way. De Felice et al. (2015) stated in the research work that the non-linearity may arise due to the different usage of different fuels, geographical differences and seasonal variations. Important variables that can be considered that address the research aims and objectives are- seasonal temperatures and cold-and-hot country. Bossavy et al. (2013) portrays the evidence of the importance of geographic variability as cooling and heating effect are felt in hot and colder regions respectively. In addition to that, cooling should occur during the summer, whereas heating depends on the duration of the cold season. Another aspect that can be considered is that temperature increases at the beginning and at the end of the cold season and thus, due to this season change, people avoid using heating systems. Image 3: Relationships between Energy Demand and Temperature Levels (Source: Bossavy et al., 2013) Furthermore, if the research can be made in-depth to the hours in a day for every season, different graphs have been obtained. However, in the cases, it has been found that at midnight the consumption of the electricity is low compared to other hours of the day. It is found that in winter season, the energy consumption is lower people do not use any electricity gadgets but during the day time, the consumption of electricity due to the use of other appliances like refrigerators, television, music systems are high (Hong et al., 2014). The electricity demand in the winter is high in Qubec and thus government in such nations helps them to limit the spike in demand. Image 4: Electricity consumption curve during a day in winter season (Source: Hong et al., 2014) However, in summer, the electricity consumption is high in all the hours compared to winter but in comparison with the summer season the electricity consumption at midnight is less for not using the home appliances. Image 5: Electricity consumption curve during a day in summer season (Source: Hong et al., 2014) The scenario, for the spring and fall curve illustrates that the energy consumption is greater in the day time compared to that of the midnight. However, in this case, consistency in energy consumption can be seen and thus, forecasting the unit of electricity consumed can be forecasted easily. Image 6: Electricity consumption curve during a day in spring and fall season (Source: Hong et al., 2014) Techniques for forecasting the electricity demands There are several techniques that help in determining the electricity forecasting- modeling techniques, projecting peak demand from energy, incorporating load management and conversation measures and determining capacity needs from demand forecasts (Alessandrini et al., 2015). However, Trotter et al. (2016) stated that the electricity forecasting affects due to several factors- economic activity, interruptible customers called upon, price of compelling fuel and weather. Usually, three different methods are used in forecasting- time series, econometric and end use (Hong et al., 2014). In the time series forecasting, conception trends is analyzed and can be furthermore categorized in three divisions- liner trend, polynomial trend and logarithmic trend. In all these trends, forecasting the demand of electricity is easy and it can be expected that the consumer demands will also follow the same unit of electricity as per as the developed line or unit of electricity consumed by consumer of that nation. In some cases weather ensembles are used so that demand in electricity can be utilized. In some cases, nonhomogeneous exponential model is used even through there is a gap between the forecasted electricity consumption results and actual consumption of the electricity. Xu et al. (2014) stated that electricity consumption forecasting is usually divided into two categories: short-term and mid/long-term. Experts also evaluate the estimation of GDP, price and GDP per capita elasticity in order to assess the non-domestic and domestic electricity consumption (Xu et al., 2014). In this case, example of Asia country can be taken into consideration. India being the large South Asian developing country and witnessed high increase in GDP and the co untry also suffers from energy shortage due to current lag. The mode developed in the research paper developed by Xu et al. (2014) shows the difference between the actual and the estimated forecasted electricity consumption graph. Image 7: Indias electricity consumption curve and respective comparison among different forecasting results (Source: Xu et al., 2014) Research plan The research project is estimated to be completed within 3 month. The topic selected for the research is already done in the first month. The topic that is selected for the research is impact of climate change on electricity demand and supply. The data that is selected for the research is only secondary data and it needs 4 weeks of time that is from week-1 to week-4. Moreover, framing of the research layout and formulation of the literature review is intended to complete in the 3rd and 4th week together. The data sources selected to develop literature review is different electricity distribution companys websites and government sites. In the next two months that is week 5 and 6, formation of the research plan and selection of appropriate research techniques is completed. The 7th and 8th week is taken for extracting relevant data from the selected data sources. The content of the sources are associated with the selected research topic. The analysis and conclusion drawn from the data c ollection and the research made on the selected topic is intended for the week 9 and 10. Lastly, the formulation of the rough draft and submission of the final project is made on 11th and 12th month. Proposed method of analysis Mackey and Gass (2015) stated that methods of analysis illustrate the research methodology for accomplishing the research project. The aim of the research is to investigate the impact of climate change on electricity demand and supply. Thus, in order to conduct a successful research, interpretivism research philosophy, deductive research approach and descriptive research purpose is utilized in the research. The data that are collected is secondary and analyzed through qualitative data analysis method. The data that are collected illustrate the change of demand in electricity based on the deferent weather and climate. This will help to forecast the electricity consumption of a particular nation. The sources that are selected for data collection are from websites of electricity distribution companies and government websites. The data are collected based on the outcome from the secondary research is then aligned with the research aims and objectives in order to obtain the research outco me. Reference List Alessandrini, S., Delle Monache, L., Sperati, S., Cervone, G. (2015). An analog ensemble for short-term probabilistic solar power forecast. Applied energy, 157, 95-110. Ang, B. W., Wang, H., Ma, X. (2017). Climatic influence on electricity consumption: The case of Singapore and Hong Kong. Energy, 127, 534-543. Auffhammer, M., Wolfram, C. D. (2014). Powering up China: Income distributions and residential electricity consumption. The American Economic Review, 104(5), 575-580. Auffhammer, M., Hsiang, S. M., Schlenker, W., Sobel, A. (2013). Using weather data and climate model output in economic analyses of climate change. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 7(2), 181-198. Bossavy, A., Girard, R., Kariniotakis, G. (2013). Forecasting ramps of wind power production with numerical weather prediction ensembles. Wind Energy, 16(1), 51-63. Da Silva, P. G., Ilic, D., Karnouskos, S. (2014). The impact of smart grid prosumer grouping on forecasting accuracy and its benefits for local electricity market trading. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(1), 402-410. Dahl, M., Brun, A., Andresen, G. B. (2017). Using ensemble weather predictions in district heating operation and load forecasting. Applied Energy, 193, 455-465. De Felice, M., Alessandri, A., Ruti, P. M. (2013). Electricity demand forecasting over Italy: Potential benefits using numerical weather prediction models. Electric Power Systems Research, 104, 71-79. Eia.gov. (2017). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). [online] Available at: https://www.eia.gov/ [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. Gans, W., Alberini, A., Longo, A. (2013). Smart meter devices and the effect of feedback on residential electricity consumption: Evidence from a natural experiment in Northern Ireland. Energy Economics, 36, 729-743. Hong, T., Pinson, P., Fan, S., Zareipour, H., Troccoli, A., Hyndman, R. J. (2016). Probabilistic energy forecasting: Global energy forecasting competition 2014 and beyond. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Moshvel, J., Kairies, K. P., Magnor, D., Leuthold, M., Bost, M., Ghrs, S., ... Sauer, D. U. (2015). Analysis of the maximal possible grid relief from PV-peak-power impacts by using storage systems for increased self-consumption. Applied Energy, 137, 567-575. Sexton, S. (2015). Automatic bill payment and salience effects: Evidence from electricity consumption. Review of Economics and Statistics, 97(2), 229-241. Son, H., Kim, C. (2017). Short-term forecasting of electricity demand for the residential sector using weather and social variables. Resources, conservation and recycling, 123, 200-207. Trotter, I. M., Bolkesj, T. F., Fres, J. G., Hollanda, L. (2016). Climate change and electricity demand in Brazil: A stochastic approach. Energy, 102, 596-604. Xu, X., Niu, D., Meng, M., Shi, H. (2014). Yearly electricity consumption forecasting using a nonhomogeneous exponential model optimized by PSO algorithm. Applied Mathematics Information Sciences, 8(3), 1063.

Sister Carrie free essay sample

An analysis of the book Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. A paper which presents a detailed discussion about the book Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. The book addresses the boom of industrialism that besieged America and the way that industrialism affected the relationships of people. The writer of this paper presents an overview of the book and then enters a discussion as to the books meaning, theme and impact. The story underscores the mindset of society during a time where machines were threatening to take over jobs(Rabinbach pg 132). It was a time in which people could quickly rise to the top in management positions but they would go out on a limb and get themselves in above their heads financially. It did not take long to discover that jobs could be lost at the management level as people scrambled in upward motions to survive the industrial attrition aspect of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Sister Carrie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carrie was a woman caught without skills, or a way to survive and she did what millions of women in her era did(Smith pg 78). She turned to men to take care of her.